pipe tap

A pipe tap is a specialized tool designed to create internal threads in pipes and fittings, essential for plumbing, gas fitting, and other applications requiring leak-proof connections. Choosing the right pipe tap and using it correctly are crucial for achieving accurate and durable threads. This guide covers everything from types of pipe taps to best practices for their use, ensuring successful threading every time.Understanding Pipe Tap TypesVarious types of pipe taps cater to different materials and threading requirements. Selecting the correct type is the first step to a successful threading project.National Pipe Thread (NPT) Pipe TapsNPT pipe taps are the most common type in North America. They create a tapered thread, ensuring a tight, leak-proof seal. The taper is crucial; it mechanically wedges the mating parts together. These are typically used in low-pressure applications. Wayleading Tools offers a range of NPT pipe taps in various sizes.National Pipe Taper Fuel (NPTF) Pipe TapsNPTF pipe taps, also known as Dryseal pipe taps, are designed for applications where a sealant might not be desirable or feasible. They feature a tighter fit than NPT threads, eliminating the spiral leakage path. This makes them suitable for high-pressure systems and applications where hydraulic fluids are involved. Refer to ANSI B1.20.3 for complete NPTF specifications.1British Standard Pipe (BSP) Pipe TapsBSP pipe taps are common outside of North America. There are two main types: BSPT (tapered) and BSPP (parallel). BSPT is similar in function to NPT, creating a pressure-tight seal through the taper. BSPP requires a sealing washer or O-ring to achieve a leak-proof connection because the threads are parallel and don't inherently wedge together. Wayleading Tools can source BSP taps; contact us for specific requirements. Pipe Thread Type Tapered or Parallel Common Usage Sealing Method NPT Tapered General Plumbing, Low-Pressure Systems Thread Interference, Sealant Recommended NPTF Tapered High-Pressure Systems, Hydraulic Fluids Thread Interference (Dryseal) BSPT Tapered Plumbing outside North America Thread Interference, Sealant Recommended BSPP Parallel Plumbing outside North America Sealing Washer or O-ring Required Choosing the Right Pipe Tap SizeSelecting the correct pipe tap size is paramount for creating accurate threads. Pipe tap sizes are nominal and don't directly correspond to the physical diameter of the pipe tap. Always consult a pipe tap drill size chart to determine the correct drill size for the hole you need to tap. For example, a 1/2' NPT pipe tap requires a specific drill size (typically around 45/64') to create the proper thread depth.Preparing for Pipe Tap OperationProper preparation ensures a smooth and accurate threading process.Drilling the Pilot HoleUse the correct drill size from a pipe tap drill size chart. Ensure the hole is straight and perpendicular to the surface being tapped. A pilot drill can help guide the larger drill bit for better accuracy. Deburr the hole after drilling to remove any sharp edges that could damage the pipe tap.LubricationAlways use a suitable cutting fluid or lubricant. Lubrication reduces friction, prevents the pipe tap from overheating, and produces cleaner threads. Different materials require different lubricants; consult a machining guide for the best choice for your material. Wayleading Tools recommends using a high-quality cutting oil for most threading applications.Securing the WorkpieceSecure the workpiece firmly in a vise or other holding device. This prevents movement during tapping, which can lead to inaccurate threads or breakage of the pipe tap.Step-by-Step Guide to Using a Pipe TapFollow these steps for accurate and efficient threading. Starting the Pipe Tap: Insert the pipe tap into the pilot hole, ensuring it's aligned straight. Apply firm, even pressure while turning the pipe tap clockwise. Cutting the Threads: Turn the pipe tap a few turns clockwise, then back it off a half turn. This breaks the chip and prevents binding. Continue this process, applying cutting fluid regularly. Checking the Thread Depth: Periodically check the thread depth with a pipe thread gauge or by test-fitting the mating component. NPT threads are tapered, so the fitting should tighten gradually as it's threaded in. Removing the Pipe Tap: Once the desired thread depth is achieved, carefully back the pipe tap out of the hole, turning it counterclockwise. Cleaning the Threads: Clean the newly formed threads with a brush to remove any chips or debris.Tips for Successful Pipe Tap UsageThese tips can help you avoid common problems and achieve the best results. Avoid Over-Tapping: Over-tapping can weaken the threads and lead to leaks. Check the thread depth frequently and stop when the fitting tightens properly. Use Sharp Pipe Taps: Dull pipe taps require more force to turn, increasing the risk of breakage. Replace pipe taps when they show signs of wear. Control the Speed: Tapping too quickly can generate excessive heat and damage the pipe tap. Use a slow, steady speed. Choose Quality Pipe Taps: Investing in high-quality pipe taps from reputable manufacturers like Wayleading Tools ensures accurate threads and a longer tool life. Our pipe taps are made from high-speed steel for superior performance and durability.Troubleshooting Common Pipe Tap ProblemsHere are some solutions to common issues encountered when using pipe taps. Pipe Tap Breakage: This is often caused by excessive force, insufficient lubrication, or using a dull pipe tap. Ensure adequate lubrication, use a sharp pipe tap, and apply even pressure. Cross-Threading: Cross-threading occurs when the pipe tap is not aligned correctly with the hole. Start the pipe tap carefully and ensure it's perpendicular to the surface. Torn Threads: Torn threads can be caused by using a dull pipe tap or tapping too quickly. Use a sharp pipe tap, reduce the tapping speed, and ensure adequate lubrication.Maintenance and Storage of Pipe TapsProper maintenance and storage extend the life of your pipe taps. Cleaning: Clean pipe taps after each use to remove chips and debris. Oiling: Apply a light coat of oil to prevent rust. Storage: Store pipe taps in a dry place, separated from other tools to prevent damage to the cutting edges. Wayleading Tools provides protective cases for our pipe taps to ensure safe storage.1 ANSI B1.20.3: ASME Standards